Powered Rails

The subject of powered rails encompasses a wide range of important elements. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line?. Yes, both of them are wires, and provide paths for electrons to flow, so they are the same thing. But you may be missing a subtlety: the purpose of a power rail is to carry power (= energy), and the purpose of a signal line is to carry information. Building on this, that means when designing a power rail we are more concerned with things like voltage drop and heat dissipation; when designing a signal line we ...

What types of power rail are there in an integrated circuit?. I understand that power rails provide the energy required for a circuit to function. Intuition tells me there must be at least two types of rail, one providing power and another taking it away. Power rails routing question - Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange.

Route power rails separately on multiple planes as needed. With option 1 I will only use 1 plane (bot) for all my power rails, but have the analog and digital signals in-between. Why do power rails on breadboards omit connection points?.

It seems most solderless breadboards don't have the connection points on the power rails aligned to the rest of the connection points. Some just omit every 6th; on some the gap isn't even a multipl... What happens when an op amp misses one of the power rails?. Essentially, the op-amps power rails will be floating, but likely pulled towards ground (or the opposite supply rail) by all of the devices connected across those same power rails. Equally important, this includes other ICs, as well as voltage dividers, indicator LEDs, bulk/bypass caps, etc.

The resistance between the 1.2V rail and GND is 40 Ohms, is it safe?. The customer will measure the resistance between supply rails and Chassis ground and want it to be greater than 10 Mega Ohms, that's why I want to avoid these low resistance values. This perspective suggests that, is there a device used to measure isolation? or it's done with a normal ohmmeter? In relation to this, edit #2 These measurements are done when the system is powered OFF. Why is a railway's third line or overhead line DC and not AC?.

Safety considerations limit voltages of third rails to ~750V, which also limits the effective power, air conditioning, etc. (Not that you couldn't fry yourself pretty well at that voltage.) It's only practical to transmit one phase (though there are a few examples of three phase trains). Why decoupling capacitors used for power rails should be very close to .... I read many experts here recommend the caps (usually 100nF ones) as close to the power and ground pins as possible. Why do they have to be soldered very near to the pins?

And I used the term decou... operational amplifier - Why does an op amp need to be powered before .... I was taught that a power supply needs to be applied to an op amp before an input signal.